JAPANESE CAST BRONZE FUMI-E VIRGIN MARY “OUTLAW CHRISTIAN” ICON Airship Suspected individuals were required by

Suspected individuals were required by the authorities to step on these images to “prove” their rejection of Christianity

he began his career as a bookbinder and publisher before turning to advertising and the graphic arts around 1935

City names Montreal

was founded in 1882 by Hans Kaiser under the name "Meili and Kaiser" at Utengasse 15 in Basel

JAPANESE CAST BRONZE FUMI-E VIRGIN MARY “OUTLAW CHRISTIAN” ICON Airship Suspected individuals were required byJapanese Bronze Christian Icon (Fumi e) Edo period, 18th century Bronze oval relief depicting the Virgin Mary and Christ child, cast in low relief and deeply set into a rectangular wooden block. The bronze surface shows extensive wear, smoothing, and oxidation consistent with repeated handling and use. A bent iron nail at the top intended for suspending the icon appears to be a later addition. The wooden block is consistent with the age of the piece